Lifestyle Changes and Treatment Options
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system incorrectly attacks the tissues around the eyes. This causes inflammation and can result in a range of symptoms. Managing TED is multifaceted and involves both medical interventions and lifestyle modifications, including dietary choices. In this article, we will look at the best and worst foods for eye health, discuss what TED is, what causes it and how to manage this condition.
Worst Foods for Thyroid Eye Disease
Certain foods and beverages exacerbate the symptoms of TED or contribute to overall poor eye health. It is recommended for individuals with TED to limit or avoid the following.
1. Sugary Beverages
High sugar intake can lead to inflammation and exacerbate autoimmune conditions. Sugary drinks can also contribute to obesity, which increases the risk of developing TED.
2. Fast Food
Often high in calories, trans fats and sodium, fast food contributes to inflammation and poor cardiovascular health, both of which can negatively affect eye health.
3. Processed Meat
Foods like sausages, bacon and deli meats are high in nitrates, sodium and unhealthy fats that can compromise the immune system and contribute to inflammation.
4. Alcohol
Excessive alcohol intake can be toxic to eye muscles and the optic nerve. It can also interfere with the absorption of nutrients essential for eye health.
5. Simple Carbohydrates
Foods that are high in simple carbohydrates, such as white bread and pastries, can cause a spike in blood sugar and insulin levels, promoting inflammation.
6. High Sodium Foods
Sodium can lead to fluid retention, which can worsen swelling around the eyes in individuals with TED.
7. Saturated and Trans Fats
These unhealthy fats can increase the risk of heart disease and negatively affect circulation, both of which can impair eye health.
8. Caffeine
While moderate caffeine intake is usually safe, excessive consumption can lead to dehydration and cause discomfort for individuals with TED.
9. High-Iodine Foods
Iodine is necessary for thyroid function, but too much iodine can worsen hyperthyroidism and TED symptoms. Foods to be cautious of include iodized salt, seaweed and various seafood.
Foods That Help Thyroid Eye Disease
A well-balanced diet can support eye health and help in the management of TED. The following foods are particularly beneficial.
1. Brazil Nuts
Rich in selenium, Brazil nuts can help reduce the severity of TED symptoms. Selenium is an antioxidant that helps to protect the eyes from oxidative stress.
2. Tuna
Tuna and other fatty fish provide omega-3 fatty acids, which can help reduce inflammation associated with TED.
3. Poultry
A good source of lean protein and selenium, poultry supports overall health and is part of a balanced diet that can aid in managing TED.
4. Eggs
They offer protein and nutrients such as vitamin D, lutein, selenium and zeaxanthin, which are beneficial for eye health.
5. Berries
Blueberries, strawberries, and other berries are packed with antioxidants and vitamin C, which can help reduce inflammation and protect the eyes.
6. Aloe Vera Juice
Some studies suggest that aloe vera juice has anti-inflammatory properties, which can be beneficial for those with TED.
7. Bell Peppers
High in vitamin C and other antioxidants, bell peppers can help maintain the health of blood vessels in the eyes.
8. Kale
This leafy green is rich in vitamin C, vitamin E, lutein and zeaxanthin, all of which are vital for eye health.
9. Carrots
Known for their high vitamin A and beta-carotene content, carrots support the functioning of the retina and overall eye health.
10. Water
Proper hydration is essential to maintain the health of eye tissues and to prevent dryness associated with TED symptoms.
What is Thyroid Eye Disease?
TED is an autoimmune disorder primarily associated with an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) due to Graves' disease. The immune system mistakenly targets the muscles and fatty tissues behind the eyes, causing inflammation, swelling and tissue buildup. This leads to characteristic changes in appearance and eye function.
Signs and Symptoms
Common signs and symptoms of TED include:
- Bulging eyes (proptosis).
- Red, inflamed eyes.
- Dry, gritty sensation in the eyes.
- Excessive tearing or watering of the eyes.
- Swelling of the eyelids and tissues around the eyes.
- Double vision (diplopia).
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia).
- Vision loss (in severe cases).
What Causes Thyroid Eye Disease?
The exact cause of TED is not entirely understood, but it is known to be an autoimmune process where the body's defense mechanism attacks its tissues. The presence of Graves' disease and hyperthyroidism greatly increases the risk of developing TED. Smoking is also a major risk factor for the development and progression of the disease.
How to Manage Thyroid Eye Disease
Treatment for TED involves a combination of lifestyle modifications and medical therapies. Here are some common treatment methods for TED.
- Eye drops: Lubricating drops can alleviate dryness and discomfort.
Corticosteroids: These drugs can be prescribed to reduce inflammation. - Tepezza: Tepezza (Teprotumumab) is a prescription medication specifically for TED, which can improve symptoms by blocking the action of certain immune cells.
- Quitting smoking: Smoking cessation is critical in reducing the progression of TED.
- Cold compress: Applying this to the eyes can help reduce swelling.
Wearing sunglasses: This protects sensitive eyes from harsh light and UV rays. - Elevating head: Keeping your head higher than your body when lying down can reduce pressure and fluid buildup around the eyes.
- Keeping thyroid hormones level: Properly managing thyroid hormone levels with medication can stabilize TED symptoms.
- Eyelid surgery: This corrects eyelid malposition and helps protect the eye.
- Eye muscle surgery: To address double vision by correcting misaligned eye muscles.
- Orbital decompression surgery: This procedure relieves pressure through the removal of bone and fat from behind the eye, enabling the eyeball to settle back into a more natural position.
Seeing Clearly
While TED is a complex condition, appropriate management can greatly improve quality of life and eye health. Together with medical treatments and lifestyle adjustments, monitoring nutrition helps in managing and potentially improving the outcomes of thyroid eye disease.